European Physics Journals

European Laboratory for Particle Physics

The recently introduced Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) permits the amplification of electrons released by ionizing radiation in a gas by factors approaching ten thousand; larger gains can be obtained combining two GEMs in cascade. We describe methods for implementing twoand three-dimensional projective localization of radiation, with sub-millimeter accuracy, making use of specially manufactured ...

European Laboratory for Particle Physics

The predicted effects of final state interactions such as colour reconnection are investigated by measuring properties of hadronic decays of W bosons, recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s ≃ 182.7 GeV in the OPAL detector at LEP. Dependence on the modelling of hadronic W decays is avoided by comparing WW → qqqq events with the non-leptonic component of WW → qq′lνl events. The scaled moment...

European Organization for Particle Physics

Interactions between the products of the hadronic decays of different Ws in WW pair events can occur at several stages: from the colour rearrangement between the quarks coming from the primary branching, to the gluon exchange during the parton cascade, to the mixing of identical pions due to Bose-Einstein correlations. Besides the intrinsic interest of their study related to the understanding o...

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics

A semiconductor solid state switch has been constructed and tested in the prototype extraction kicker pulse generator of CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1]. The switch is made of 10 modified 4.5 kV, 66 mm symmetric GTO's (also called FHCT-Fast High Current Thyristor), connected in series. It holds off a d.c. voltage of 30 kV and conducts a 5 μs half-sine wave current of 20 kA with an initia...

[Collaboration strategies for Iberoamerican and European cardiovascular journals].